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Occupational Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap in Egypt, 1998–2023
Female labor force participation in Egypt remains low, and wages consistently under-reward women compared to men. This disparity is partly driven by the systematic channeling of women into lower-payin...
Publication
The Use of Information and Communication Technology in the Workplace in Egypt
The dynamic intersection between technology and labor constitutes the focal point of labor market policies designed to align with technological transitions. Studying the characteristics of digitized w...
Publication
The Evolution of Social Protection in Egypt, 2006-2023
This paper examines the trends in social protection coverage in Egypt over the 2006-2023 period. The different forms of protection that we analyze include contributory social insurance schemes, employ...
Publication
What are "nature-based solutions"?
From food and health to climate action, nature offers effective, low-cost, and sustainable solutions to many of today’s societal challenges. Agence Française de Développement (AFD) is particularly att...
News
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Evaluation of a series of policy-based loans to support the energy sector reform in Albania (CAL1004 ; CAL1019...
The high-level objectives of the PBL were to enable the GoA, through targeted support, to fulfill its international commitments related to energy sector reform, and to assist the GoA in establishing a...
Publication
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Evaluation of Ghana Urban Management Pilot Programme (GUMPP) 2012-2021 (CGH1089)
The general purpose of the project is to improve living conditions in secondary cities through a policy of developing urban infrastructure in municipalities committed to improving their management....
Publication
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5 years on: new Kiwa Initiative projects
To mark its fifth anniversary, in August 2025, the Kiwa Initiative launched fifteen new local projects, whose objectives include restoring forests with native species, protecting coral reefs, developi...
News
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The AFD Group offer for the social protection sector
Nearly half of the world’s population lacks any social protection. Greater investment is needed in low- and middle-income countries to address poverty, inequalities, and crises. That’s why AFD Group i...
Publication
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ESTEEM Cambodia : A Model to Support a Just and Sustainable Development
ESTEEM Cambodia is more than just a modeling exercise. It is a dynamic macroeconomic tool designed to help Cambodian policymakers make informed decisions in real time and plan for a fair and sustainab...
Research project
“Strengthening Feminist Movements for Reproductive Autonomy” launches at Latin American Feminist Conference
We are pleased to announce the launch of a bold new initiative—Movements for Reproductive Autonomy, Equality and Solidarity (MAREAS). A multi-country initiative across Africa and Latin America to ampl...
Press release
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AFD Group at COP30
Held from November 11 to 21, 2025, in Belém, Brazil, the 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will bring together world leaders,...
Event
COP30: Who will pay for the climate?
A few days before the opening of COP30 in Belém, Brazil, Thomas Melonio welcomes François Gemenne – political scientist, professor at HEC, president of the Observatory of Sustainable Finance, and co-a...
Publication
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European Commission invests EUR 20 million to develop urgently-needed medicines against dengue in partnershi...
Dengue is spreading fast because of climate change and globalization, with a growing number of cases in previously unaffected European countries. Yet, there is still no specific treatment for the dise...
Press release
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How to curb deforestation on the Amazon frontier?
Deforestation in the Amazon advances through a frontierexpansion dynamic marked by speculation, land conquest, and the rapid conversion of land. These dynamics often come with conflict and exclusion,...
Publication
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Sri Lanka: After the storm, a promising economic recovery
An island nation in the Indian Ocean, since 2019, Sri Lanka has been experiencing the most severe economic crisis in its post-independence history. The country was for a long time held up as an exampl...
Publication
Infographic – Our activity in favor of nature and biodiversity in 2023
Protecting biodiversity is central to all of AFD Group’s actions and is a major priority, as is the fight against climate change. To halt its decline and protect ecosystems, AFD supports the restorati...
Publication
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Water, Health, Education, Economy: Tangible Results in Lebanon
On the occasion of its 25th anniversary in Lebanon, AFD celebrates a partnership built on trust and solidarity between France and Lebanon.
Publication
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Infographic – Our Studies and Research Activity in 2023
Climate change, biodiversity protection, preservation of social cohesion, global crises… The studies and research conducted by AFD - through a multidisciplinary approach, in close collaboration with...
Publication
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Sovereign Credit Ratings in Developing Countries Regional - Biases and Subjectivity Factors
Sovereign credit ratings play a critical role in the international financial system and have a tangible impact on countries’ fiscal, economic, and development trajectories. Nevertheless, the activity...
Publication
