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Etienne ESPAGNE
Profile
Economist
Environmental and climate economics, development economics, energy transition, inequalities and environment, climate policy, climate finance
Global biodiversity scenarios: what do they tell us for biodiversity-related socioeconomic impacts?
This paper aims to review and compare existing global and quantitative biodiversity scenarios that could help to build a forward-looking assessment of the consequences of biodiversity loss. More broa...
Publication
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Choose Africa 2: Ramping up Support for African Entrepreneurs
The Choose Africa initiative has been so successful in supporting African companies and entrepreneurs that it has led to a sequel. In line with France’s commitment to renew its relations with African...
News
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Tackling Inequality and Climate Change Simultaneously in South Africa
“No country should have to choose between tackling poverty and preserving the planet,” French President Emmanuel Macron told the Summit for a New Global Financial Pact this summer. It’s a sentiment...
News
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Combating Cholera in the Congo by Renovating Water Infrastructure
The Democratic Republic of the Congo is home to half of Africa’s water reserves, but only a quarter of the DRC’s population has access to affordable drinking water. Deteriorating infrastructure has co...
News
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Holistic Forest Conservation in Madagascar: Is it Working?
The lush forests of Madagascar are home to a bewildering variety of wildlife and biodiversity. But they are threatened by deforestation and the destruction of natural habitats. The Holistic Forest Con...
News
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Improving Access to Water and Sanitation for millions in Ethiopia
World Toilet Day on November 19 highlights the dangers of lacking sanitary facilities, and the search for sustainable solutions. With an estimated 419 million people practising "open defecation" world...
News
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Working towards Food Security in West Africa: 5 AFD Group Projects
In 2023, nearly 43 million people will face food shortages in West Africa – four times higher than over the last ten years. In the approach to World Food Day on October 16, we focus on five AFD Group-...
News
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Polynesia: Preparing Future Generations for Climate Change with Educational Marine Areas
With island states at grave risk of being submerged by rising waters, it has never been more important to educate young people on the pleasures and perils of the sea, and on the need to find ways to a...
News
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Rugby, Playing a Key Role in Sustainability and Social Cohesion
France is hosting the Rugby League World Cup from September 8 to October 23. It's a chance to highlight sports' role as a catalyst for social change, particularly for young people. This is why AFD Gro...
News
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5 Projects Driving Renewable Energies Around the World
Reducing the use of fossil fuels requires massively developing low-carbon energy sources. Solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower: through its financing, AFD Group has been supporting renewable e...
News
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"Atlas" of Latin America and the Caribbean: 17 Sustainable Development Initiatives
Latin America is considered a champion of sustainable development, with pioneering initiatives that have been replicated not only across the region, but around the world. Some of the most innovative p...
News
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5 Flagship Projects that are Restoring Nature around the Planet
Close to 40% of the world’s land is degraded, according to the UN, which has made the need to protect biodiversity all the more urgent. AFD Group is convinced that biodiversity conservation and the fi...
News
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AFD successfully issued a new 2 billion US dollars bond maturing on February 4, 2031
On Wednesday 28th January 2026, Agence française de développement (AFD), rated A+ (Stable) by S&P and A+ (Stable) by Fitch, successfully issued a new 2 billion US dollars bond maturing on February 4th...
Press release
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Guadeloupe
As the long-standing financial partner of local authorities and a leading lender to both public and private enterprises, AFD has committed €1.3 billion over the past ten years to accelerate and scale...
Regions and countries
AFD’s 2026 Funding Program
AFD’s Board of Directors approved the 2026 funding program on January 29th, setting the target at €9.5 billion.
Press release
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Beyond the Olympics: Vanquishing Inequality through Sports
Arnaud Assoumani, a Paralympian who will be competing in the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, is at the starting blocks. The long jump and triple jump athlete from the French overseas territor...
News
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Promoting Benin’s Heritage & Tourism: the Biggest Cultural Project Ever Financed by AFD
Changing Lives, Part 2 Who are the men and women who carry out the projects supported by AFD Group and promote sustainable development? We’ve been finding out, in a new series we’re calling “Changing...
News
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Slam Poetry and Self-Fulfillment
Changing Lives, Part 1 Who are the men and women who carry out the projects supported by AFD Group and work for sustainable development? We’ve been finding out, in a new series we’re calling “Changi...
News
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Chiefdoms’ Roads Lead to Paris in Major Exhibit of Cameroonian Art
It’s a visual tour of a religious and cultural universe still very much alive in Cameroon. Until July 17, the Quai Branly Museum in Paris is hosting the exhibition "On the road to the chiefdoms of Cam...
News
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