Publications and media
Challenges in Sanitation
Among the essential public utilities, sanitation and wastewater services present forms of organization and management that have contributed to make it low on the agenda of policy makers when it comes...
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An oasis in the desert
Marsabit forest, a natural space surrounded by desert, covers an area of over 16,000 hectares. This region in the North of Kenya hosts a core resource for neighboring communities and significant biodi...
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Mekong: the challenges of common management
The Mekong River is a common good and its fairly-shared management can be a source of peace and development. This delta is one the biggest water reservoirs in the world along with Amazonia. 80 million...
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Céline Gilquin: Water issue a major challenge
In the context of the next World Water Forum, which will kick off on 18 March in Brazil, Céline Gilquin, Head of AFD’s Water and Sanitation Division, gives details about the key challenges concerning...
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Kenya: a bright couloured school start
In Kisumu, the third most populated city in Kenya, pupils and teachers in the Angira school could not wait a second more: walls were crumbling, classrooms were on the verge of collapsing. The school w...
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Mozambique: children dare to dream big
In Mozambique, AFD and the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) are banking on education. The country inherited a deteriorated education system because of the civil war. In 1992, one child in two was n...
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Environmental and Social Framework
The present document establishes the Environmental and Social Framework of the AFD and GCF ‘Transforming Financial Systems for Climate’ Programme. It describes standards, procedures, processes and too...
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Spatial poverty and inequality in South Africa: A municipality level analysis
Using the 2011 South African population census, we provide income and multidimensional poverty and inequality estimates at the municipal level. We go on to estimate a spatial econometric model to iden...
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Evaluation Summary - Policy loan "Support programme to respond to climate change" (SPRCC)
In Vietnam, the climate policy loan “Support Programme to Respond to Climate Change” (SPRCC) was subject to an evaluation in May 2018. Although CO2 emissions are still low in Vietnam, they are risi...
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Informal Recycling vs municipal Waste Service in Asian cities: Opposition or Integration?
Despite being generally poorly recognized by public authorities, informal recycling remains nevertheless a major component in the waste sector, which questions the legitimacy of the official waste arr...
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Education, Training, Employment - 2016-2020 Strategy
A new cycle of international mobilization is opening in 2016. However, the world is changing, and newscasts remind us that the persistent imbalances in various regions of the planet have no borders. W...
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Assessing and Addressing Climate Governance Challenges in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
This guide is intended to help staff of Agence Française de Développement (AFD) and other interested stakeholders identify and address potential domestic governance barriers to implementing and enhanc...
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Social Cohesion and inequality in South Africa
We examine recent trends in social cohesion and inequality, and the relationship between the two in South Africa using date from the South African Reconciliation Barometer Surveys. Given that the coun...
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Vulnerabilities to Crises and Resilience - 2017-2021 Strategy: Executive summary
AFD has chosen to make the fight against vulnerabilities and the response to crises one of the main axes of its activity. Indeed in the 2025 prospective exercise that AFD undertook, the crises – envir...
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Evaluation Summary - Sere Wind Farm Project – Eskom
In South Africa, for the “Wind power” sector, Eskom’s Sere Wind Farm project was subject to an evaluation in December 2017. Climate change has launched a quest for sustainable development, which Es...
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Evaluation Summary - Ho Chi Minh city Finance and Investment State-owned Company credit line (HFIC)
In Vietnam, for the “Financial intermediaries” formal sector, the Ho Chi Minh city Finance and Investment State-owned Company Credit line (HFIC) was subject to an evaluation in August 2017. The pro...
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Evaluation Summary - Technical assistance for capacity building provided to Da Nang and Can Tho Development In...
In Vietnam, for the “Financial intermediaries” formal sector, the technical assistance for capacity building provided to Da Nang and Can Tho Development Investment Funds (DDIF and CADIF) was subject t...
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Evaluation Summary - Technical assistance for capacity building provided to Ho Chi Minh city Finance and Inves...
In Vietnam, for the “Financial intermediaries” formal sector, the technical assistance for capacity building provided to Ho Chi Minh city Finance and Investment State-owned Company (HFIC) was subject...
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Evaluation Summary - Da Nang Development Investment Fund (DDIF) & Can Tho Development Investment Fund (CADIF) ...
In Vietnam, for the “Financial intermediaries” formal sector, the Da Nang Development Investment Fund (DDIF) and Can Tho Development Investment Fund (CADIF) credit line was subject to an evaluation in...
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Water and sanitation: mid-term review of the sectorial intervention framework for 2014-2018
This document is the water and sanitation mid-term review of the sectorial intervention framework for 2014-2018
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Flood risk and cities in developing countries
The risk of flooding is a natural hazard affecting the most people worldwide. However, it is more of a risk in terms of material damage than a lethal risk for the affected population. Integrated flood...
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